Have you ever heard of someone who has mentioned that their faith was strong enough to move mountains?
Or perhaps you have heard it in the context of encouraging others, “You need to have the faith of a mustard seed so that you can move mountains and nothing will be impossible for you!”
The verse that is often referred to here is Matthew 17:20:
“And He said to them, "Because of the littleness of your faith; for truly I say to you, if you have faith the size of a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will move; and nothing will be impossible to you.”
Ah, it sounds like a verse ready to be ripped out of context and haphazardly applied to whatever they want it to mean! As this verse will give us some idea of what Paul is referring to in 1 Corinthians, let’s delve into this passage.
First, as all good interpreters know, we must examine the context. Even if we were to study Shakespeare, it is required of us to understand the context of a quote in order to understand what is being communicated.
Peter, James, John, and Jesus just came down from “
the mount of transfiguration” (Matthew 17:1-8; cf. Mark 9:2-8; Luke 9:28-36) and as they did so, they saw that the other disciples could not cast out a demon in this man’s son (Matt. 17:16).
After casting out the demon, Jesus chastises his disciples as to why they could not cast out the demon (Matt. 17:20). Their faith was small and weak, but gives the encouragement that even if their faith was the size of the smallest of the seeds, the mustard seed (cf. Matt. 13:31-32), they would have the ability to move mountains.
Notice a few things mentioned (as well as not mentioned) here:
1. Neither God nor Jesus ever rearranged the topography of the land by supernatural intervention (aside from the natural effects of a supernatural worldwide flood). Conversely, a miracle is not necessary to move literal mountains, merely just using the right equipment.
2. While we must interpret the Bible literally, that does not mean we do not allow for the metaphors, similies, hyperboles (etc.) of our language. Thus it would be natural to see how this statement of moving mountains would refer to conquering difficult tasks (in this instance, casting out a demon).
3. R.T. France notes that it is not the amount of our faith (or even our faith in faith) that makes the impossible possible, but the power of God, which is available to the believers with even a mustard grain sized faith.
Nevertheless, the premise here is clear:
“Much is not accomplished for the kingdom because we simply do not believe God will adequately empower us or else because we undertake various activities in our own strength rather than God’s. Yet we must recognize the limitations of this promise, in light of other Scriptures, and not use it to foist a guilt trip on ourselves or others when faith does not eliminate every calamity from our lives.” (Blomberg, 268).
Back to Paul’s statement - Even if Paul was given the knowledge of everything and all mysteries (which we know from Romans 11:33-35 not to be the case) and has the strongest of faith to do the impossible, that is, to move mountains, yet it is done without love, he states he is nothing.
Wow.
I wonder if we even can comprehend the magnitude of the statement Paul just made?
Remember that the Greeks prized knowledge and wisdom. Yet without agape love, without the wisdom of the cross, and to give love to others, we are nothing.
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Rene’ Descartes stated: “I think, therefore I am” (Plato called this the “knowledge of knowledge”).
Augustine of Hippo, 1200 years earlier, stated: “If I am mistaken, I am” ("One cannot err who is not alive").
Paul, even another 300 years prior to Augustine, stated it entirely differently: “I love, therefore we are.”
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Craig Blomberg, vol. 22, Matthew, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 268.